Answer:
Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration is whether or not oxygen is present. . During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide, water, and ATP are produced. During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid, ethanol, and ATP are create, aerobic os used when heart rate and breathing rate rise, anaerobic is used during the first 1-2 mins of exercise, occurs in the cytoplasm of cells, while aerobic occurs in the mitochondria of the cells, glycolysis occurs in both, both are respiration, and both create ATP
Explanation:
The answer is "D"
The body's first line of defense is also known as Innate immunity and incudes mucous membranes. Both the intact skin and mucous membranes of the body offer a high degree of protection against pathogens.
A good example is the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. It is lined up with cilia and covered with mucus. The coordinated beating of the cilia drives the mucus up to the nose and mouth where the trapped bacteria can be expelled.
(Lymph nodes and white blood cells belong to the second line of defense, not the first)
I think the correct answer is a
Well one of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is <span>a rise in plasma osmolality.
You didn't give me answer choices so I can't correctly answer.</span><span>
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<h2>b) option is correct </h2>
Explanation:
- Some bacterial toxins cause disease by altering the activity of G protein, cholera toxin is one of them
- Cholera toxin catalyse ADP ribosylation of Gs and blocks GTPase activity thus Gs GTP become permanently active
- Constitutive activation of Gs protein continuously induce adenylyl cyclase, cytosolic cAMP level rises that leads to activation of protein kinase A (pKA)
- Activated pKA catalyse phosphorylation of two transmembrane proteins of intestinal epithelial cells:
- CFTR cause excessive outflow of Cl- ion and Na+ H+ exchange cause efflux of Na+ ion, both enters in gut and form Na+ Cl-
- Na+Cl- leads to outflow of water from the gut, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration and this condition may cause death of organisms due to loss of water and ions
