Answer:
Explanation:
Sodium and potassium are present in group 1A. Both are alkali metals.
The atomic number of sodium is 11 and potassium is 19. Sodium is present in period 3rd while potassium is present in period 4th.
Electronic configuration of sodium:
Na₁₁ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹
K₁₉ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹
It can be seen in electronic configuration that in case of sodium the valance electron is present in third energy level while in case of K outer most electron is present in 4th energy level. So atomic structure of sodium has three energy level and K has four energy level that's why radius of potassium is greater than sodium because its the distance from center to outer most electronic shell.
Moreover as we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
Since the speed of the bag is constant, it’s kinetic energy remains constant. Since it’s height above the ground is constant, it’s gravitational potential energy is also constant. Since it’s total energy is constant, net work = 0.
The sublevel designation=6f
The allowed values of the magnetic quantum number are: ml=−3,−2,−1,0,+1,+2,+3
The number of orbitals=7
How are these calculated?
- We are given values for the principal and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers: n=6 ,l=3
- The value of n tells us the shell number. The value of l tells us the type of atomic orbital, which here is an "f" orbital. Therefore, the subshell (sublevel) designation is:6f
- For this subshell the allowed values of the magnetic quantum number are: ml=−3,−2,−1,0,+1,+2,+3
- Each value of ml represents one orbital that holds two electrons. Therefore, we can conclude that there are seven orbitals present at the "6f" subshell, so it has a degeneracy of seven.
What are quantum numbers?
- Quantum numbers are used to describe where around a nucleus a particular electron can be found.
- In any given atom, each electron can be described by four quantum numbers.
- These are n,l,m1,ms
- The values that each number can be are based on a set of rules.
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Answer:
The speed of all ocean waves is controlled by gravity, wavelength, and water depth. Most characteristics of ocean waves depend on the relationship between their wavelength and water depth. Wavelength determines the size of the orbits of water molecules within a wave, but water depth determines the shape of the orbits.
Explanation:
Bohr's theory states that the motion of the electron (particle) around the nucleus is very much similar to motion of the planets around the sun in the solar system. Both in the mathematical and physical sense.
The Bohr's Atomic theory only explains the motion of the electrons in discrete atomic orbitals that are predicted by the Bohr's equation.
It strictly implies that the electron only exists in these discreet orbitals and fails to explain anything about the nature of the electron in between the discrete orbitals.
The modern atomic theory does not share this limitation as it does not impose the electron to only occupy the discrete orbitals and neither does it impose particle nature upon the electron.
In the modern theory does not focus on describing the motion of the electron around the orbital but rather the probability of finding an electron around the nucleus. The modern atomic orbitals or electron clouds are the regions in which the probability of finding the electron is the highest when the wave function collapses. The Schrödinger's wave equation explains the evolution of the wave function in time. Hence enabling us to predict the future possible locations of the electron but never the exact location as that is impossible due to the Heisenberg's Uncertainty principle.
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