Attenuation is the regulatory mechanism to control gene
expression or transcription. Attenuation
was first observed in trp operon of E.Coli bacteria (commonly found at
guts of warm blooded animal). E.Coli
bacteria need tryptophan which is a kind of amino acid. The bacteria can either
take tryptophan from environment or itself synthesize by using bio synthetic
enzymes. These bio synthetic enzymes are encoded by five genes located next to
each other which we called as trp operon.
When tryptophan levels are high, then the transcription of trp
operon is controlled. This process is called Attenuation. In this process
the RNA polymerase is prematurely stopped during transcription of trp operon
which results in formation of short mRNA. Due to premature control such mRNA
doesn’t gets encoded with tryptophan biosynthesis enzymes.
Attenuation is carried out when tryptophan level is high, so
as to prevent unnecessary production of biosynthetic enzymes which are needed
to make tryptophan.
<span />
Well from around the world for now the biggest earthquake was M 6.1 which is 1198 miles
Answer:
Observation: Fertiliser produced tall pea plants
Hypothesis: Pea plants grown in the soil with the addition of fertiliser will grow taller than pea plants without fertiliser
Independent variable: Fertiliser
Dependent variable: Growth of plant
Control group: 5 pea plants in the pot without fertiliser
Experimental group: 5 pea plants in the pot with fertiliser added
Qualitative or Quantative data: Qualitative
Explanation:
Observation is using your senses to describe what you see.
A hypothesis is a prediction.
The independent variable is what you change in an experiment.
The dependent variable is what changes as a result of the independent variable. The dependent variable is what is measured in an experiment.
The experimental group is the group of subjects in an experiment which are exposed to the independent variable.
The control group is the group of subjects in an experiment which are not exposed to the independent variable.
Qualitative data is data that can be described but not measured. Quantitative data is data that can be measured.
Answer:
The <u>stroma</u> within the chloroplast
<u />
Explanation:
Chloroplasts are membrane-bound organelles in plants. They comprise many invaginations of a plasma membrane called a thykaloid membrane. This includes chlorophyll pigments in layers called granum, whereas the internal spaces of the organelle are called lumens. Fluid surrounds the granum, and forms the stroma; here, all metabolic reactions within the chloroplast occur- <u>including CO2 fixation.</u>
Photosynthesis, involves the conversion of energy from photons or light particles and water, starting in the thykaloids; here, the pigments like chlorophyll, which is essential to photosynthesis, reside.
6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + energy= glucose + oxygen
