Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins.
An organism that obtains energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms or their remains. A food web is a model of the feeding relationships between many different consumers and producers in an ecosystem. Without plants (the primary producers) consumers and decomposers would not be able to live. Producers always start every food chain. A consumer, also called a heterotroph, is an organism that cannot make its own food. It must eat producers or other organisms for energy.
Answer:
Water also raises blood pressure in older normal subjects, <u><em>but not in young normal subjects. </em></u>The studies suggest that water is an important unrecognized factor in clinical studies of blood pressure medications. Drinking more water at 60 minutes caused the blood pressure effect to be sustained for another hour.
There are quite a few ways that seeds can be dispersed. A few examples could be by wind (like dandelions), water (like water lilies or coconuts), or animals (through friut eaten by birds or other animals).
Answer:
In both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, food is broken down to release energy. Both take place inside cells. Both produce byproducts.