In the 1800 instruments such as the microscope and the thermometer were created and led to the invention of new instruments such as the ophthalmoscope for looking inside the eye, and the sphygmograph for measuring blood pressure.
Lincoln believed that the South had never legally seceded from the United States, so he planned to forgive the South for the past. He issued the Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863 to announce his intention to reunite the once-united states.
The French who had direct contact with the Americans were able to successfully implement Enlightenment ideas into a new political system. The National Assembly in France even used the American Declaration of Independence as a model when drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in 1789
