We can immediately reject option D - while Spanish is an Indo-European language, Quechua is an indigenous language of the Americas.
The Spanish conquerors did not care much about the indigenous population - except if they could covert them, which would make them be seen as defenders of the Christian faith and win them favours with the Pope.
So they would not teach the indigenous population in secular schools, they would however, try to teach them religion. The correct answer is A - The Catholic clergy believed that Christianity would be adopted faster if translated into an indigenous language.
In Syria and Jordan, most of the rainfall is on the West of the two countries, closest to the Mediterranean Sea. (so not in the East)
there is also a considerable amount of rain at the Golan Highlights, which are just West of the Jordan River, so in total the best answer is
d. on the highlands and the Mediterranean coast.
It can be one of two things.
First, it can be due to global warming.
Second, it can be due to the rotation of the sun. When the sun rotates, it can change it latitude causing it to hit at different points onto different areas of the world.
The answer is A. Hope it helps ^^