Question

Electrophysiological studies of rats learning T-mazes have found _________.a. different patterns of activation in the basal ganglia during early learning and later stable performance b. differing activation in the cortex at different places in the maze c. constant patterns of activation in the basal ganglia d. alternating activation in the hippocampus and the basal ganglia

Answer 1

Electrophysiological studies of rats learning T-mazes have found a. different patterns of activation in the basal ganglia during early learning and later stable performance

Explanation:

• Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in rodents.
• Basal ganglia are strongly interconnected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and brainstem, as well as several other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of functions, including control of voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, habit learning, eye movements, cognition, and emotion.
• The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia which facilitates the initiation and execution of voluntary movement.
• Damage to the basal ganglia cells may cause problems controlling speech, movement, and posture. This combination of symptoms is called parkinsonism. A person with basal ganglia dysfunction may have difficulty starting, stopping, or sustaining movement.