Answer:
Sodium-Potassium pumps (proteins that help neurons generate electricity) are produced by ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Explanation:
Sodium-Potassium Pump (NA+/K+):
The Na+/K+ Pump is a transmembrane channel protein, responsible for maintaining the concentration gradient of sodium and potassium ions in the intra and extracellular environment. This is achieve by pumping 3 Na+ outside and 2 K+ inside the cell at the cost of one ATP. In neurons, these channels help in generating an action potential across the cell membrane that gives rise to a nerve impulse.
Production of Transmembrane proteins:
All membranes and their proteins are produced by the ribosomes on the rough ER. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains the enzymes required for lipid synthesis; and as cell membranes are made of lipids, the ER is the most suitable location for synthesis. Membrane proteins, particularly, transmembrane proteins like the Na+/K+ pump possess hydrophobic surfaces that don't dissolve in the cytoplasm but readily attach to the ER surface from where they can be transported wherever required.
This is the first one. Sorry I couldn’t do the other ones, because I’m in class... yikes
rDNA is using genetic cloning to form DNA molecules from different species. in this example you can make the hormone insulin by getting some of the components from one organism and getting the remainder from another organism. Specifically, Insulin has 2 amine chains, so you can get 1 amine chain from one organism, and the other from a different one. Then you can combine them and you'll get insulin.
I don't even know the answer sorry
