It would be "rope" that led to the closing of the open range, as farmers started to close off their land to other people and cattle. Barbed wire was not generally used.
The earliest form of writing, called cuneform.
im guessing they are known for establishing a written code of law :)
The best answer is A) <span>Creole elites didn't share political power with all citizens
After countries began winning independence, mainly from Spain, in the 1800s, the power structure among ethnic groups, which had been established by the colonial powers, did suddenly become equal. Elites, usually who were more ethnically European (creole in this context means mixed race) held an enormous portion of the wealth, which is a recipe for instability. </span>