The correct answer for the question that is being presented above is this one: "a. macadam." Macadam is the <span>term that refers to the road paving system developed by a Scottish inventor in 1815 that used a raised foundation of crushed rock</span>
In Germany, the power is with the people (=it's a democracy) which are represented by the members of the parliament: it's a representative democracy. It's also a federation of 16 states.
Iran, on the other hand is a theocracy: a country ruled by the members of the clergy. It can also be named an oligarchy: the power is with a few members of the society.