The correct answer is the 4th one
When parties voluntarily work out their differences and reach an acceptable solution negotiation take place.
Negotiation is a dialogue between two or more people or parties to reach the desired outcome regarding one or more issues of conflict. It is an interaction between entities who aspire to agree on matters of mutual interest.
Examples of employee-to-third-party negotiations include: Negotiating with a customer over the price and terms of a sale. Negotiating a legal settlement with an opposing attorney. Negotiating service or supply agreements with vendors.
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The <em>concept of scarcity</em> states that there will be a deficit regarding the supply of a certain good in comparison the demand for it. Therefore, a state budget must revise its current state knowing that there will always be some players who will lose benefits in the attempt of shifting the assignment of resources.
The <em>marginal analysis</em> is an examination of the additional benefits a certain activity gets compared to a number of additional resources assigned to it. It helps the state government have a better view of where to allocate resources. As there are sectors that will probably gain more benefits than others with the same assigning of resources. The key to this analysis is to now the best amount to allocate to each sector in order to get the maximum efficiency of the budget.