#1 There was development of a stratified government during its reign
<span>The Shang dynasty is the earliest Chinese dynasty for which there is both documentary and archaeological evidence. However, many scholars believe in the existence of the preceding Xia dynasty. Still it is considered that Shang controlled much more area than Xia thus becoming the first dynasty to bring a considerable part of China under the rule of one king. Shang was also the first dynasty to have an organized political system with multi-level ranks and many specialized functions and jobs.
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#2 The earliest known writing in China is from the Shang dynasty
An oracle bones from the Shang period – Such artifacts are the first example of Chinese writing
<span>During the Shang dynasty characters
were carved on animal bones in order to frame questions regarding the
future like “Will the king have a son?”, “Will it rain tomorrow?” etc.
The bones were then heated over a fire and the resultant cracks were
interpreted by a diviner to determine the answer. These oracle bones of
the Shang era are the earliest example of Chinese writing.
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#3 Some characters of the writing system of Shang are still in use
<span>The refined writing system of Shang is
perhaps its most significant achievement. Apart from the oracle bones,
writings were carved on stones, bronze items etc. There were over 2000 symbols
in their writing system. Although writing has since evolved in China,
many current Chinese characters can been traced back to the Shang
Dynasty.</span>
It is D.) have direct control over
They eliminate monopolies and limit the price ceiling.
Much of past civilizations have endured many failures and triumphs throughout their existence. In the third century, there were many civilizations that started to flourish. One of these civilizations that started to expand was the Byzantine civilization. The Byzantine civilization, also regarded as Byzantium, was part of the Roman Empire which was divided in 395 AD. Byzantium had shared the same attitude, as the Roman Empire, toward exercising its authority over its citizens and throughout its empire. The Islamic civilization had started thrive in the fifth century. The Islamic civilization was unified together as unison by Islam and it has expanded its civilization throughout parts of Europe through jihad. Because of their expansions …show more content…
Not only do both these civilizations share the same political system, but as well as the social structure, which is important for indicating the social organization in a civilization. The Byzantine Empire consisted with a society that included the upper class, middle class, and lower class. The upper class consisted of officials, members of government, and citizens who were wealthy. The middle class included merchants, and traders. The lower class consisted of slaves that were enslaved from the expansion of the Byzantine Empire. These slaves had the chance to worship God and be part of the community, but slavery for harsh punishment continued. The Islamic civilization had a similar social structure as the Byzantine Empire. The upper class was known as the Abbasids, they were known as judges, merchants, and government officials, and its citizens. The citizens lived in different conditions unlike Abbasids. Abbasids were privileged to be living courtyards and in temples. Slaves were common in Islamic culture, were given the right to believe in Allah and work as soldiers for the Islamic military. These classes indicate the similar features of society of both civilizations. In addition to political and social structure, both civilizations share the same economy. Byzantine and Islamic civilization use similar approaches to promote their economy. They have engaged in trading with other civilizations. Byzantine was a large exporter of grain and silk. Their
