Minerals move downward through soils in a process called leaching.
God bless!
I think it might be the first one: hiv infections. (hope this helps!)
The red-legged frog breeds in ephemeral ponds from January through March. Its relative, the bullfrog, breeds in permanent ponds from late March through May. There are two pre-mating isolation mechanism at play here,
1. Ecological isolation: The habitats are different, hence the individuals of both the species do not meet. Ephemeral ponds are temporary ponds that develop during rainy days, while the permanent ponds are full of water throughout the year.
2. Temporal isolation: The time of mating is different for both the species to avoid contact between the individuals of closely related species. Red-legged frogs mate in January to March slot and the bullfrog in the March to May slot.
Explanation:
the top predator is removed from the delicate balance of any particular ecosystem, there may be disastrous effects for the other plants and animals that inhabit the environment.
When a top predator is removed from an ecosystem, a series knock-on effects are felt throughout all the levels in a food web, as each level is regulated by the one above it. This is known as a trophic cascade. The results of these trophic cascades can lead to an ecosystem being completely transformed. The impacts trickle down through each level, upsetting the ecological balance by altering numbers of different animal species, until the effects are finally felt by the vegetation
When a top predator is no longer present, populations of their herbivorous prey begin to boom. Without a top predator to regulate their numbers, these animals put a great deal of pressure on the existing vegetation that they require for food and can destroy large amounts of plant life, such as grasses and trees. This then causes further problems, such as soil erosion and loss of animal habitat. Eventually, humans are also impacted due to the resulting lack of soil fertility and clean water that depend on these plants.
Another problem involving the loss of vegetation is the competition that is created between herbivorous species. Competition between species for the remaining plant life is high and weaker species lose out to stronger ones, leading to the potential loss of weaker animals, as well as plant species. Increased competition, therefore, leads to a lack of biodiversity. In contrast, top predators often have varied diets, which means they can pursue a new food source if one is running low, preventing the first source from being eradicated completely. This is one of the ways that top predators are able to maintain biodiversity and the balance of an ecosystem.
The presence of a top predator also helps to maintain balance in an ecosystem by influencing the behaviour and movements of its prey through the fear of being caught. Animals that are prey to a top predator will move around in order to avoid it. This prevents plants and animals in any particular area of an ecosystem from being over-consumed, preserving food sources and habitats. In the absence of top predators, this regulation disappears, allowing certain areas of vegetation to be destroyed completely.
<h3>
An intelligent, water-agile mammal with a main diet of sea urchins.</h3>
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Sea otters tend to inhabit the shores of the pacific (sometimes rivers, ponds, or lakes), a favorite habitat is the kelp forests on the coast of California. Mother otters even tie their babies (and sometimes themselves) in kelp leaves, keeping them near and preventing floating away when diving for food. This is a clear sign of intelligence, and they classify as mammals. Otters stay in groups led by a dominant male, but sometimes females will leave with their babies, or males will depart in search of their own group to manage.
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<em>Have a good day/night! </em>
<em>~pinetreee</em>
