For Question 3, your answer should be D.
Many European powers divided their territories based on resources instead of tribes, which caused tribes that were hostile with each other to be placed under the same rule. This led to conflicts between Native African tribes as they were natural enemies who fought for the same resources and land.
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There are several states that flourished as a result of trade between the Sahel across the Sarah with north African crab traders and the Levant world. these city states included Timbuktu that had the earliest form of university in the world , GAO,<span>Djene. The city states often levied trade and were located along the trade routes.</span>