Monroe Doctrine was the early-19th century announcement that the American continents were not subjects for future colonization by any European country.
Hmm, The compass and the astrolabe
Answer:
an advance state of humans, Culture and Industry
I'm pretty sure he defeated the allied of john, holy roman empire Otto IV, and the count of Flanders in 1214....if I'm not mistaken I remember learning about this.........hope it helps :)
