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The Miller and Urey experiment is a well-known classic experiment in which hypothetical conditions of the early Earth's evolution were simulated to test the possibility of chemical evolution. In fact, this was an experimental test of the hypothesis previously expressed by Alexander Oparin and John Haldane that the conditions that existed on primitive Earth promoted chemical reactions that could lead to the synthesis of organic molecules from inorganic ones. It was held in 1953 by Stanley Miller and Harold Urey. The apparatus designed for the experiment included a mixture of gases corresponding to the notion of the composition of the atmosphere of the early Earth in the 1950s, and electric discharges passing through it (simulating lightning strikes on the ground). The Miller and Urey experiment is considered one of the most important experiments in the study of the origin of life on Earth.
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The study of mathematics as a "demonstrative discipline" begins in the 6th century BC with the Pythagoreans, who coined the term "mathematics" from the ancient Greek μάθημα (mathema), meaning "subject of instruction".[4] Greek mathematics greatly refined the methods (especially through the introduction of deductive reasoning and mathematical rigor in proofs) and expanded the subject matter of mathematics.[5] Although they made virtually no contributions to theoretical mathematics, the ancient Romans used applied mathematics in surveying, structural engineering, mechanical engineering, bookkeeping, creation of lunar and solar calendars, and even arts and crafts.
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The seed of a tree may sprout in soil that hasa collected in a cracked root. As the roots grow, they widen the crakcs, eventually breaking the rock into pieces. - mechanical weathering
The proteins move through the endomembrane system and are dispatched from the trans face of the Golgi apparatus in transport vesicles that move through the cytoplasm and then fuse with the plasma membrane releasing the protein to the outside of the cell.
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Organisms form carbon film when sediments cover the organisms and decay of organisms form hollows.
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