The submarine became a potentially viable weapon with the development of the Whitehead torpedo, designed in 1866 by British engineer Robert Whitehead, the first practical self-propelled or 'locomotive' torpedo.[20] The spar torpedo that had been developed earlier by the Confederate States Navy was considered to be impracticable, as it was believed to have sunk both its intended target, and probably H. L. Hunley, the submarine that deployed it. In 1878, John Philip Holland demonstrated the Holland I prototype.
Discussions between the English clergyman and inventor George Garrett and the Swedish industrialist Thorsten Nordenfelt led to the first practical steam-powered submarines, armed with torpedoes and ready for military use. The first was Nordenfelt I, a 56-tonne, 19.5-metre (64 ft) vessel similar to Garrett's ill-fated Resurgam (1879), with a range of 240 kilometres (130 nmi; 150 mi), armed with a single torpedo, in 1885.
A reliable means of propulsion for the submerged vessel was only made possible in the 1880s with the advent of the necessary electric battery technology. The first electrically powered boats were built by Isaac Peral y Caballero in Spain (who built Peral), Dupuy de Lôme (who built Gymnote) and Gustave Zédé (who built Sirène) in France, and James Franklin Waddington (who built Porpoise) in England.[21] Peral's design featured torpedoes and other systems that later became standard in submarines.[22][23]
Answer:
Philip II was the emperor of the Spanish Empire from 1556 to 1598. In the time of Philip, Spain reached the peak of its power, but it also knew its limits. During his reign, Spain was embroiled in increasingly complex conflicts. Thus, despite the ever-increasing flow of gold and silver from American mines, despite the large profits from the Portuguese spice trade and the enthusiastic support met with by the counter-reform in the Hapsburgs, Philip failed to make Spain a lasting power over time.
The endless wars caused significant problems in his empire, which became particularly apparent. after his death. His exhausting obsession with detail, his inability to prioritize goals, and his insistence on making all decisions personally led to the creation of a labyrinthine bureaucracy.
Despite these problems, his reign cannot be described as a failure. He stabilized the Spanish colonies on the American continent, significantly increased the amount of silver coming from these colonies and defeated the Ottoman navy in the famous Battle of Nafpaktos, a defeat from which the Ottomans would never recover. He managed to unite Spain and Portugal under his crown and successfully faced the crisis that arose in Aragon. His efforts were also instrumental in limiting the spread of Protestantism in Northern Europe.
(2) John Locke
During The Enlightenment, John Locke's arguments were heavily based around the ideas of the right to life, liberty, and property. His ideas eventually become the basis for the US government.
Because if u have new inventions the new my help run the world better
