A test cross is when we cross an organism with an unknown genotype with a homozygote recessive individual. We can infer what the unknown genotype was based on the offsprings’ phenotypes(or genotypes).
For example:
AaBb x aabb is a test cross which yields (1AaBb:1Aabb:1aaBb:1aabb).
B )( meiosis; occurs before sexual reproduction and will be result in offspring with different genetic information from the parent ) is the right answer