If a researcher electrically stimulates the reticular formation in an animal, the animal will immediately wake up and be alert. Its purpose is to have some control of sensory signals and thus has the ability to alert the body when it is tired or needs to be awake.
Answer:
Heyya!
Human development is a slow and gradual process. There seems to be slow and gradual change that becomes abrupt change. The mind has many connections and works according to past habits. A person who seeks to improve themselves will gradually change specific areas within their life. After a while there is a cascade effect that causes linked areas to be altered. Skills and methods that required practice and habit forming transition to being a natural part of life. When the personality suddenly changes, I use the term evolution. Whenever one occurs, the person will probably see their past self as problematic.
Carbon dioxide in the tissues is produced as the result of oxidation of glucose...
This carbon dioxide in process of respiration diffuse out of the tissues in form of molecular carbon dioxide and join with water forming carbonic acid ...
In lungs again carbon dioxide is separated and released out of the body...
<h2>Transportation across the membrane</h2>
Explanation:
(a) Simple diffusion; Faciliated diffusion-Directions in which two transported solutes move
- In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compounds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein whereas in case of facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement pf molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient
- Both the diffusions does not require energy
(b) Facilitated diffusion; active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
- In facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient without the expenditure of energy
- Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane
(c) Simple diffusion; Active transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move and Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
- In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compouds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein and energy
- Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane;secondary active transporters coupled with transportation of two solute molecules
(d) Direct active transport; Indirect active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient or its electrochemical potential
- Direct active transport use direct energy such as ATP hydrolysis,oxidation and sunlight energy
- Indirect active transport use indirect energy such as chemical gradient,electrochemical gradient established by direct active transporters;one solute moves along the concentration gradient while other moves against the concentration gradient
(e) Symport; Antiport-Direction in which two transported solutes move
- In symport both the solute molecules move in same direction;coupled with primary active transport(direct transport)
- In antiport both the solutes moves in opposite direction;coupled with secondary active transport(indirect transport)
(f) Uniport; coupled transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move
- Uniport is the transport of single solute across the membrane
- Coupled transport is the transport of two solute molecules across the membrane;it may be symport or antiport
(g) P-type ATPase; V-type ATPase-Kinetics of solute transport
- P-type ATPase always transport cations and undergoes phosphorylation
- V-type ATPase(here V stands for vacuole) transport protons and no phosphorylation occurs;catalytic activity is not reversible
- Both are types of primary active transporters
