Im not very sure,but I think its a hipothesis (IDEA) or an experiment
Chaucer utilizes parody in his portrayal of the Pardoner to censure the Church. The Pardoner's sermon against avarice cleverly diverges from his overstated covetousness. Chaucer makes such an unnecessarily ravenous character to attract consideration regarding genuine debasement in the Church and to realize change.
It is a direct quotation :)
The answer is the 4th phrase.
