Answer: A papal bull written in 1454 by Pope Nicholas V to King Afonso V of Portugal.
Explanation: It was confirmed to the Crown of Portugal dominion over all lands south of Cape Bojador in Africa.
In the 1800s I think, if not the 1700s
Standards of weights and measures.
Hope this helps!
These two people counter the argument that human rights and democracy are not valued by many people in the world by pointing to all the nations in which it exists.
Nationalism, mixed with the fruits of industrialization, played a major role in the rise of dictators in these two countries because all of a sudden, countries felt that they were superior to other countries. Then the mix of limited land and resources led to deadly consequences.