Heating the reaction flask on a hot plate is an example of supplying activation energy to begin a reaction.
Explanation:
<u>Definition:</u>
Activation energy is defined as the minimum amount of energy required to start a particular chemical reaction.
For example: When hydrogen and oxygen are mixed together it does not immediately start the reaction to form water. So, to start the reaction a small electric spark is provided or it is heated to provide some energy. This energy causes the molecules of hydrogen and water to react, thus producing even more molecules to react and finally water is formed.
Here the electric spark or the heat provided is the activation energy.
0.000001ppm
Explanation:
Mass of fluoride = 500g
Volume of water = 500000liters
Unknown:
Parts per million of fluoride = ?
Solution:
The parts per million is the amount of solute in milligram dissolved in a liter of water or milligram per kilogram of solvent
It is a unit used to express very small concentration.
we need to convert g - mg
500g = 500 x 10⁻³mg = 0.5mg
Concentration in parts per million = 
Concentration in parts per million = 
= 0.000001ppm
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Answer: Biological Magnification
Explanation:
Organisms acquire toxic substance from the environment along with nutrients and water. Some of the toxins are metabolized and excreted, but others accumulate in specific tissues, especially fat. One of the reasons accumulated toxins are particularly harmful is that the become more concentrated in successive trophic level of the food web, this is the process of biological magnification.
Magnification occurs because the biomass at any given level is produced from a must larger biomass ingested from the level below. Thus the top-level carnivores tend to be the organism most severely affected by toxic compounds in the environment.
Examples of toxins that demonstrate biology magnification are chlorinated hydrocarbons, and many pesticides.
