Answer:
1- Philosophes --- French Enlightenment thinkers.
2- Social contract --- Giving up some personal freedoms in exchange for government protection.
3- Enlightenment --- A movement where philosophers questioned beliefs about government.
4- Salon --- A gathering of influential people for the discussion and debate of ideas
5- Natural rights --- Locke's belief in a person's right to life, liberty, and property.
Explanation:
1- The philosophes were the members of certain French intellectual groups of the era of the Enlightenment, of progressive cut. His main ideas revolved around social equality, criticism of the benefits of the upper classes and freedom of expression.
2- The theory of the social contract establishes that, at the beginning of civilization, men resigned certain rights and freedoms to thereby favor community life, binding themselves to certain rules of conduct and creating a government that enforces those rules.
3- Enlightenment was a historical and philosophical process that took place in Europe during the 1600s and 1700s, through which emphasis was placed on rationalism and humanism over prevailing religious concepts until the end of the Middle Ages. Through its different members, the illustration collaborated in the development of the values of today's democracies, such as freedom and equality.
4- During the Enlightenment, the term "salon" referred to the meetings of relevant thinkers and important personalities of that philosophical trend, who met in closed rooms called salons to discuss ideas and share knowledge.
5- The doctrine of natural rights establishes that men possess a series of rights inherent in their condition as human beings, which are effective from the moment of birth and cannot be curtailed under any circumstances. These rights are the right to life, liberty, and property.
