Answer: Most people still believed that miasmata caused disease. A miasma could be caused by rotting food, decaying corpses, excrement or any other smelly, dirty place. Although many top physicians were now challenging Galen's ideas, most ordinary people continued to believe that illness was caused by an imbalance of humours.
The purpose of a general election is to make the last decision between various candidates/parties.
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The fourth of July is the day of freedom for the people of America. In the speech, Douglas comments on the celebration of the day and says that to celebrate such a day is very ironical. He says that the celebration of freedom which the people are celebrating is in reality still under slavery. Hopefully this helps :)
