1a. Andes Mountain B. pamps
Monsoons are one of the most destructive natural phenomena in Asia, but they also limit Africa's trade with the Asian continent, as navigation is severely affected by strong monsoon winds; this affects trade between the two continents, as merchant ships travel from Africa to across the Indian Ocean (which is the monsoon zone), so understanding when and how the winds form will help keep the cargo ships and merchandise, thus increasing trade between Afrika and Asia.
I believe D is the correct answer. If Japan (or any country) were to be hit with the largest natural disaster in recent history, it would most likely sway people away from migrating into the country.