Answer:
a. The null and alternative hypothesis can be written as:

b. A Type I error is made when a true null hypothesis is rejected. In this case, it would happen if it is concluded that the actual mean outstanding credit card debt of college undergraduate is significantly less than $3173, when in fact it does not.
A Type II error is made when a false null hypothesis is failed to be rejected. In this case, the actual mean outstanding credit card debt of college undergraduate is in fact less than $3173, but the test concludes there is no enough evidence to claim that.
Step-by-step explanation:
We have a prior study of the mean outstanding credit card debt of college undergraduate that states that it was $3173 in 2010.
A researcher believes that this amount has decreased since then.
Then, he has to perform a hypothesis test where the null hypothesis states that the mean is still $3173 and an alternative hypothesis that states that the actual credit card debt is significantly smaller than $3173.
The null and alternative hypothesis can be written as:

Option b is the best answer
Answer: 0.111111111111111
Step-by-step explanation:
The force the same object will exert if it accelerates at a rate of 7 m/s² is 35N
From the question,
We are to determine the force the object will exert.
From the information,
Newton’s Second Law of Motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force exerted on the object
Let acceleration be a
and
Force be F
Then we can write that,
F ∝ a
Then,
Introducing the constant, mass, m
We get
F = ma
Now, we will determine the mass of the object
F = 15 N
a = 3 m/s²
Putting the parameters into the formula, we get
15 = m × 3
∴ m = 15 ÷ 3
m = 5 kg
The mass of the object is 5 kg.
Now, to determine the force the same object will exert if it accelerates at a rate of 7 m/s²
That is,
a = 7 m/s²
and
m = 5 kg
Putting the parameters into the formula, we get
F = 5 × 7
F = 35 N
Hence, the force the same object will exert if it accelerates at a rate of 7 m/s² is 35N
Learn more here: brainly.com/question/13590154