He created a trust that controlled 90% of the nation's oil refineries. If I remember correctly, horizontal integration is when you buy out the other businesses in the same market, while vertical integration is where you take control of everything related to your product, which is getting the oil, refining it, and distributing it, rather than selling those tasks out to third parties.
In the Sykes-Picot agreement, concluded on May 19, 1916, France and Britain divided up the Arab territories of the former Ottoman Empire into spheres of influence. In its designated sphere, it was agreed, each country shall be allowed to establish such direct or indirect administration or control as they desire and as they may think fit to arrange with the Arab State or Confederation of Arab States. Under Sykes-Picot, the Syrian coast and much of modern-day Lebanon went to France; Britain would take direct control over central and southern Mesopotamia, around the Baghdad and Basra provinces. Palestine would have an international administration, as other Christian powers, namely Russia, held an interest in this region. The rest of the territory in question a huge area including modern-day Syria, Mosul in northern Iraq, and Jordan would have local Arab chiefs under French supervision in the north and British in the south. Also, Britain and France would retain free passage and trade in the other’s zone of influence.
1. True
The Ottoman Empire had access to the Mediterranean (so, yes, they were located on the Mediterranean).
2. False
The Ottomans were unable to take control of the Italian Peninsula.
3. False
The Ottoman Empire held authority over most of Northern Africa, but not Southern Africa.
4. True
It was at its height in the 16th and 17th centuries.
5. True
