The economics or slavery and political control were the main causes of the civil war. Southern states wanted the ability to abolish federal laws that they did not support. Also, southern states wanted to take slaves west, but the north did not want the slave trade to expand. The southern states also felt they had lost all influence in the government after Lincoln was elected without a single electoral vote from the south.
I'd say something like cultural diffusion, because if he traveled to different places, so might of his customs and clothes. I'm not sure what else though.
Almost all independence movements took place after WWII. Ghana was the first country in 1957 and by 1965 almost all the countries. The last colonies declared independence in. 1975
