Externalities - An externality is such type of outcome which is not directly incureed by the producer but its consequences are incurred by society as a whole. The externalities can be negative as well as positive.
Negative externality- A externality that has a negative and harmful effect on society, as well as firms, are called negative externalities.
- For eg., A firm polluting the environment to save the cost of production will have negative consequences on society as a whole.
Positive externality - An outcome of the decisions and execution of a company that has led to positive consequences for both company and the society.
- For eg., the perfect example of positive externalities is the research and development work of any company. The research and development benefits not only the company to enhance its efficiency but it also benefits society by gaining the knowledge from the research, employment from work, etc,
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B. first Republican elected to two four-year terms in Arkansas governor
Judith and Her Maidservant is a painting by the Italian baroque artist Artemisia Gentileschi. Executed sometime between 1645 and 1650, it hangs in the Museo di Capodimonte in Naples. The story comes from the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, in which Judith seduces and then assassinates the general Holofernes, who had besieged Judith's town. The exact moment depicted takes place after the murder when her maidservant places the severed head in a bag, while Judith checks around her.
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The Persians built a system of well maintained roads which facilitated the rapid transit of military and government personnel. One particular road was called the Royal road that stretched from Sardis to Susa . The Persians established way stations at intervals equipped with fresh horses for the King's messenger.
The Assyrian system of communication was so efficient and effective that a provincial governor anywhere in the empire except Egypt could ask a question and receive an answer within a week.
Access to trade or locations