Exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals, or infection by viruses. A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence and can occur during cell devision.
I really think it might be false I’m very sorry if it’s wrong
Dogs, cats and humans each contain approximately 2.5–3 billion base pairs in their DNA, comprising about 20,000–25,000 individual genes.
So we have the same DNA components
Hope this helps! Please correct me if I'm wrong :)
Acid-fast and Gram is used to visualize the structures in a membrane.
It is a differential staining procedure which is used to identify, <em>mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae.</em>
Acid-fast bacteria are considered to be gram-positive in terms of their structure as, they contains peptidoglycan in its cell wall.
They stain poorly with Gram stain procedure, and appears as weak Gram-positive.
Membranes are consisted of lipid bilayer, which is doubled layer of phospholipid, glycolipid and cholesterol molecules, which contains the chains of fatty acids, and
<em>determines weather a membrane is formed into long flat sheets or round vesicles.</em>
To examine the membrane protein structure, Electron microscopy technology is used and it enables the visualization of single protein at nanometers resolution.
To know more about, Structures of membrane, <em>click here-</em>
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