Answer:
In the most general case of x bases and y bases per codon, the total number of possible codons is equal to xy .
In the case of the hypothetical Martian life-forms, is the minimum codon length needed to specify 17 amino acids is 5 (25 = 32), with some redundancy (meaning that more than one codon could code for the same amino acid). For life on Earth, x = 4 and y = 3; thus the number of codons is 43, or 64. Because there are only 20 amino acids, there is a lot of redundancy in the code (there are several codons for each amino acid).
Explanation:
Answer:
(b) Voltage gated
Explanation:
The cell membrane acts as a barrier that separates two aqueous media of different composition, the extracellular and the intracellular, regulating its composition. Most of the liposoluble drugs and solutes, when not ionized, directly cross the cell membrane through a passive diffusion process, which facilitates the passage of the medium where it is more concentrated to the one that is more diluted. The difference in concentration between the two media is called the concentration gradient, and diffusion will continue until this gradient is eliminated. According to Fick's law, the speed of this process will be much faster the higher the concentration gradient and the liposolubility of the molecule and the smaller its size.
More hydrophilic molecules, such as ions, are immiscible in membrane lipids and pass through specific specific transport mechanisms. In some cases, ions pass through hydrophilic pores called ion channels, and in others a favor of their concentration gradient is transported by binding to the transporter or transporter proteins. Both transport systems are passive and therefore do not consume energy. The great advantage is that the ion channels allow the flow of ions through a much higher speed than that of any other biological system. The flow of ions through each channel can be measured as an electric current, which is capable of producing rapid changes in membrane potential.
<span>The answer is C.glycolysis ® Krebs cycle ® electron transport chain. There are 3 stages of cellular respiration: 1. glycolysis when glucose is broken down to pyruvate in the cytoplasm; 2. Krebs cycle when Acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate form a 6 C-atoms compound; 3. Electron transport chain when hydrogen molecules removed through previous stages are pumped to the chain and energy is produced.</span>
The wing of a bat is homologous to the flipper of a whale. Homologous structures are structures that have a similar ancestries and common traits but maybe not have the same function in an organism. For example the arm of a human, the wing of a bird or a bat, the leg of a dog and the flipper of a dolphin or whale are homologous structures.
Answer:
Urinary bladder - superior mesenteric ganglion
Explanation:
The inferior mesenteric ganglion is located in the center of the abdomen where the inferior mesenteric artery begins. The axons of postganglionic neurons extend through the hypogastric plexus. These neurons then innervate the blood vessels of several organs like the rectum, urinary bladder, and distal colon, etc.
The postganglionic neurons from superior mesenteric ganglion innervate the blood vessels of the small intestine and proximal colon.
