That would be the Romans. They had a highly efficient Senate that allowed the people to be represented in a Republic format.
should be control variable
The equation that uses both wavelength and frequency is c = fλ. c is the speed of light, which is constant. So that means if f increases, then λ must decrease, and vice-versa. Since f and λ are going in different directions then that means that they are inversely proportional.
54289 = 233^2
You know the last digit of the squared number is 3 or 7, so just try numbers ending with those from 220 to 250