Answer:
The correct answer is due to the difference in pressure inside and outside the bottle.
Explanation:
Liquids have melting and boiling points that depend on pressure and temperature. The pressure inside the bottle is higher than the pressure outside. This causes the melting point to drop, making the liquid freeze at a lower temperature than if it were at atmospheric pressure, and therefore has a lower temperature than it would freeze at atmospheric pressure. When the bottle is uncovered, the liquid becomes an atmospheric pressure, and due to the temperature acquired when the bottle was closed the liquid freezes.
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Complete balanced equation: 2HNO₃ + Ca(OH)₂ → Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O
Ionized equation (with spectator ions):
2H⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + Ca²⁺ + 2OH⁻ → Ca²⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + 2H₂O
By eliminating the ions that are the same of both sides of the equation (spectator ions):
2H⁺ + 2OH⁻ → 2H₂O [Net Ionic Equation]
Pressure is inversely related to temperature
