13) When mRNA is "processed", what are the pieces of mRNA that are cut out and stay in the nucleus?
1 answer:
Answer:
Introns
Explanation:
The coding region of the gene is the part of the gene that is transcribed. However, not all of the gene makes the final mRNA. There are sequences called exons and introns in the coding region of the gene.
The pre-mRNA contains transcribed sequences of both the introns and exons. However, the introns are removed from the final mRNA by splicing. The final mRNA that is translated to the protein only contains exons. An illustration is attached to illustrate this.
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Explanation:
In a cell, the rate of diffusion is higher when the surface area to volume ratio is higher.
- given that a cube or block has 6 sides...
Volume ⇒ 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm= 3.375
Surface area ⇒ (1.5 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm) x 6=13.5
Surface area :Volume ⇒ = 1:4
Volume ⇒.5 cm x .5 cm x 6 cm= 1.50
Surface area ⇒(2 (.5 cm x .5 cm)) + (4(.5 cm x 6 cm))= 0.5+12 = 12.5
Surface area :Volume ⇒ = 25: 3
Volume ⇒3 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm= 12
Surface area ⇒(2 (3 cm x 3 cm ))+(4(3 cm x 2 cm))=42
Surface area :Volume ⇒ = 7:2
<em>The highest ratio is said to be the most efficient; with a higher surface area, more substances can pass across the surface of the cell at a time. </em>
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Further Explanation:
Cells require all substances to cross the cell membrane. These, like agar, which contains small pores, is semi permeable -only allowing some molecules to pass cross the membrane or surface. The cubes contain a pH indicator that reacts with the solute, vinegar. Cell membranes contain lipids which form a barrier; polarity or arrangement can give these non-polar macromolecules hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Via diffusion, small water molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracross the phospholipid bilayer acts as a semi-permeable membrane into the extracellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water and water soluble molecules, to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient
acellular fluid or the cytoplasm which are both hydrophilic and contain large concentrations of polar water molecules or other water-soluble compounds. The hydrophilic heads of the bilayer are attracted to water while their water-repellent hydrophobic tails face towards each other- allowing molecules of water and water soluble molecules, to diffuse across the membrane along the concentration gradient
Thus in smaller cubes the rate of diffusion is higher as the surface area to volume ratio is higher; the vinegar diffuses all the way to the center, as indicated by the color change in the cube.
However as cells increase in size, their surface area:volume ratios decrease rapidly; larger cells, like the larger agar cubes, have a harder time moving molecules across the membrane, so the color change cannot be seen in the middle, as there was less of a permeable surface for the vinegar to diffuse across. to combat this, eukaryotic cells have specialized mechanisms to transport molecules along with membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum that provide a higher surface area for absorption and enable more efficient transportation.
Learn more about membrane components at brainly.com/question/1971706
Learn more about plasma membrane transport at brainly.com/question/11410881
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