Most likely A because immigrants had the advantage of Settlement Houses. Settlement Houses were places of not necessarily refuge, but of shelter and protection where they were taught by Americans themselves about the culture and ways of the U.S. I'm sure they learned things from other immigrants here and there, too, but culture classes were what they write about in textbooks.
Answer:
To help the nation as they want
The correct answer is letter D. To provide equal access to water sources. Nucleated settlements are designed to be like this to enable people to have easy access not only on water but also in other forms of produce like agriculture and domestication. This gives people the equal opportunity to maximize what available resources are within their location.