Mitochondria and chloroplasts likely evolved from engulfed prokaryotes that once lived as independent organisms.
(At some point, a eukaryotic cell engulfed an aerobic prokaryote, which then formed an endosymbiotic relationship with the host eukaryote, gradually developing into a mitochondrion. Eukaryotic cells containing mitochondria then engulfed photosynthetic prokaryotes, which evolved to become specialized chloroplast organelles).
The theory would be endosymbiont theory. It was developed on the idea that some eukaryotic organelles come from prokaryotic organisms. It is also known as symbiogenesis. This theory says that these organelles were first from prokaryotic cells that is living inside a host cell.
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In humans, cells other than human sex cells, are diploid and have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Human sex cells (egg and sperm cells) contain a single set of chromosomes and are known as haploid.
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