Advantages of using solar energy are pollution-free, noise-free, on installation it produces free energy, clean and renewable. Disadvantages include high cost, energy dependent on sunlight exposure, power stations are expensive to build and devices powered by solar energy cannot be used at night
Plant cells have all of these, but only a plant cell has a chloroplast.
A single motor neuron together with all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates is called a motor unit.
- Motor neurons are more than just relays for the motor commands sent down the hierarchy from higher levels. They themselves are parts of intricate circuits that carry out extensive information processing.
- Due to their highly branching, intricate dendritic trees, motor neurons are able to integrate inputs from several other neurons and generate accurate outputs.
- A single motor neuron, and nothing else, innervates each and every muscle fiber (make sure you understand the difference between a muscle and a muscle fiber). However, several muscle fibers can be innervated by a single motor neuron.
- A motor unit is the aggregate of a single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it innervates. The innervation ratio refers to how many fibers a motor unit innervates.
Learn more about the motor unit with the help of the given link:
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Answer:
Humoral immunity:
Humoral immunity is mediated by the macromolecules present in the extracellular fluid. This immunity provides protection against the pathogens present in the extracellular fluid. B- cells are mainly produced by the humoral immunity. The plasma cell and memory cells are generated in the human body. Antibodies kill the pathogens in humoral immunity.
Cell mediated immunity:
Cell mediated immunity is activated by the infected cells. This immunity provides protection against intracellular pathogens. T- cells are mainly produced by cell mediated immunity. T helper cells and T killer cells are mainly produced in the cell mediated immunity. Cytokines kill the pathogens in case of cell mediated immunity.
