Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
<span>Rice pudding would be an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
A heterogeneous mixture means that different constituents of a mixture can be identified. Rice pudding consists of rice suspended in a cream. It is possible to identify the grains of rice and the creamy part of the mixture.
A homogeneous mixture looks the same throughout--you cannot identify individual parts or ingredients. The parts of a homogeneous mixture are said to be uniformly distributed. Rainwater and air are examples of homogeneous mixtures.</span>
Answer:
Plants and other producers generate their own energy, which allows them to grow, reproduce, and live. They are the only living organisms on the planet that can produce their own supply of food energy, which makes them unique. They, of course, require sunlight, water, and air to survive.
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Answer:
nucleic acid is not a component of the plasma membrane
Explanation:
Nucleic acid is a type of complex organic substance that is found in living cells and essential to all known forms of life.
Answer:
Honey
Explanation:
Technically it could be both, as they can both be acidic, but honey is lower on the pH scale, meaning it is more acidic and thus will have a larger chemical reaction with baking soda.
