Answer: BEHAVIOURAL ACTIVATION
Behavioural activation focuses on education,increasing activities and exercise,and progress rewarding.
Explanation: Behavioural activation is one of the short term psychological treatment for mood disorders, and suicidality.It is a form of coping strategy.
In Behavioural activation,one's contact with reality is increased and the individual is made to engage in activities that elevates mood and makes him/her feel better.These activities are aimed at rewarding the individual positively thus they are drawn from those things that the individual have passion for and always craving for inorder to bring a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction.
Outcomes on the activities perform can be rewarded inorder to encourage the individual and motivate him/her to do better.
Maddie should ask her doctor what the terms he/she used (that she didn't understand) mean. Or she can go the sarcastic route and just say "In English please."
Saliva, blood, having Intercourse with some with HIV
Answer:
b. The rats press the lever least when cocaine is presented.
Explanation:
Reinforcement or reward refers to the physiological processes by which a given behavior, such as drug use, becomes habitual. This occurs when neurons release the neurotransmitter dopamine to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) after drug use.
In tobacco, nicotine is the main component triggering of the reinforcement. Once inside the brain, nicotine activates nicotinic receptors, which in turn contributes to the reinforcement mechanism. Following repeated exposure to nicotine, a neuroadaptation process is established for some (but not all) effects of nicotine. Increased brain nAChRs (acetylcoline receptors) are observed in response to desensitization of these nicotine-mediated receptors. This desensitization can play an important role in the development of tolerance and dependence.
The fact that nicotine is a weak reinforcer, means that maybe the rat already had an neuroadaptation with this drug, not feeling anything with this drug anymore, and thats why he would prefer other drug, like cocaine, pressing the lever of nicotine less often.
