Answer: C.) They violently refused to honor removal treaties.
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The ancient Rome influenced and unified the medieval Europe as Medieval guilds were inspired by Roman ones and Rome continued as the center of the church.
A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their crafts and trade in a particular area. There were several categories of medieval guilds like merchant guilds, craft guilds, religious guild etc.
It would be C because of Newton’s law