The answer to the question is d
<span>Divided government likely comes closer. At the founding of the country, there were already divisions in ideas and ideals, such as the Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Having differences in ideas on how to best run the government gives the ability to see problems from multiple angles and look for the most equitable solutions.</span>
Pledge of Allegiance contains the phrase "under God" and as such the obligation to participate in the Pledge clashes with the freedom of religion. Freedom of religion is written into law in the First Amendment, adopted in 1791.
As a result from McCulloch vs Maryland, two very important consequences aroused. First, the doctrine of the "implied powers" , understanding that the Constitution grants said implied powers to the Congress to implement the express powers. Secondly, that no state action can interfere with valid constitutional exercise of power by the federal government.
