Answers: examples of host defence mechanism include: Innate anatomical and physiological barriers, Innate cellular and chemical defenses.
Explanation:
The capability of the human body to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs is known as IMMUNITY. This host defence mechanism can be classified into INNATE or adaptive immunity.
The immunity that results from general processes, rather than from processes directed at specific disease organisms is called the INNATE IMMUNITY. The anatomical and physiological barriers of the innate immunity provides the first line of defence against pathogens. Examples of these barriers of the innate immunity includes:
--> Destruction of swallowed organisms by the low stomach pH and digestive enzymes
--> The vigorous mucociliary clearance mechanisms of the respiratory airways and lungs.
--> Resistance of the skin to invasion by organisms
While examples of innate cellular and chemical defenses include:
--> Phagocytosis of bacteria and other invaders by white blood cells and cells of the tissue macrophage System
--> lysozymes, a mucolytic polysaccharide that attacks bacteria and cause them to dissolute.
--> basic polypeptides which react and inactivate certain types of gram- positive bacteria
-->natural killer lymphocytes that can recognize and destroy foreign and tumor cells.
The force of gravity on an object is the object's weight. You use newtons when measuring weight.
D) weight; Newtons
Answer:
The gradualism model depicts evolution as a slow steady process in which organisms change and develop slowly over time. In contrast, the punctuated equilibrium model depicts evolution as long periods of no evolutionary change followed by rapid periods of change.
Explanation:
The correct answer is cells.
Some organisms are single-celled, and are only made up of once cell.
But most complex organisms are made up of billions and billions of cells.
All living creatures are composed of at least one cell.
An ecosystem composes of an environment and the organisms that interact with said environment. Changing temperature leads to an unstable ecosystem because of two things; failure of adaptation for the environment, or failure of adaptations for the animals.
If the environment fails to adapt to a change in temperature, plants will die, thus causing herbivores to die and the whole food web/chain to disrupt. (Im not really going in to deep detail, but plants can die from the soil failing to fertilize.)
For animals, it may also disrupt the food chain, but natural resources such as water may be needed more in the heat. If said animal doesnt have the adaptations to compete in such an event, they die. Also, especially if the environment was previously a desert, all adaptations will be useless, and other animals will start to move in. More competition. Not only that, if the ecosystems temperature decreases, for example, many animals might die from the cold and such. They do not hibernate/ have the adaptations of an animal that lives in the cold.
All in all, changing temperature can cause an unstable ecosystem because it can disrupt the food chain/web, kill plants, kill animals, cause an increase of animals, cause a decrees of natural resources (such as water) and much more.
(Sorry for grammar, I'm on mobile and not really paying attention to it. im not really double checking my spelling because im trying to give you the information, not really write it for you as that would be too much work)
