Answer:
1. nonliving matter that living organisms need to survive
2. bacteria
3. plants
4. animals
Explanation:
One method I know of is comparing a sample of the rock to other samples which the scientist already knows the age of. I forgot what this method is called but I know it's used by lazy scientists that use other scientist findings like the age of a rock to compare to their own work
The scheme of modern taxonomy goes:
Life > Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
So, a PHYLUM is made of several classes.