Hello, Cweldy57!! The Northeast is called the Gateway to America because so many immigrants would pass through Ellis Island, in order to become a legal citizen. I hope I have helped!! Have a great day.
I think it is the first one
Subsoil: This layer has normally less organic matter than the A horizon, so its colour is mainly derived from iron oxides. Iron oxides and clay minerals accumulate as a result of weathering. In a soil, where substances move down from the topsoil, this is the layer, where they accumulate.
Note: This information has been taken out of a website.
