A model organisms is a species that has been widely studied, usually because it is easy to maintain and breed in a laboratory setting and has particular experimental advantages. model organisms are non-human species that are used in the laboratory to help scientists understand biological processes.
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Answer:
When homologous chromosomes form pairs during prophase I of meiosis I, crossing-over can occur. Crossing-over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It results in new combinations of genes on each chromosome. It is obviously another source of genetic variation in offspring.
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Unlike natural selection, genetic drift does not depend on an allele's beneficial or harmful effects. Instead, drift changes allele frequencies purely by chance, as random subsets of individuals (and the gametes of those individuals) are sampled to produce the next generation.
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❖ The homologous chromosomes (sister chromatids) move to opposite poles of the cell. The sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibers.
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