Q1. igneous
The rocks that form from solidifying magma and lava are the igneous rocks. These rocks are the ones that form first, and later, over the course of millions of years, they gradually transform into metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The igneous rocks are the hardest rocks, and the formation is closely associated with the intense geological activities, especially the volcanic activities. The igneous rocks that form inside the ground are called intrusive igneous rocks, while the ones that form on the surface are called extrusive igneous rocks.
Q2. the release of seismic energy
The earthquakes are natural occurrences that happens on places where there is internal adjustments in the crust. As the tectonic plates move, they cause lot of pressure on each other, and as they do, the rocks inside the ground break under the immense pressure. As the rocks break, they make gaps inside the crust, which in turn causes the rocks above the gap to fall and fill in the gap. As the rocks adjust themselves, lot of seismic energy is released, and this energy is manifested through very strong vibrations, that tend to move more vertically inside the crust, and horizontally on the surface.
Q3. the uplift of crustal blocks by tectonic forces
The Earth has numerous tectonic plates, and they are not static, but instead are constantly moving and create lot of pressure and energy on each other. This movement is triggered by the convection currents from the mantle layer. One of the products of this constant pressure and energy is the uplifting of crustal blocks. This happens on places where two tectonic plates are colliding or there is a subduction zone. Because of the pressure from bellow, the crustal blocks are pushed upward, resulting in the formations of hills, plateaus, mountains, as well as valleys in between them.
Q4. conical shape
The stratovolcanoes are volcanoes that are characterized by their conical shape. They have steep sides at the upper half, and gentle sloped sides at the lower half, and are the dominant landfrom in the area where they are located, usually sticking out significantly from everything surrounding them. These volcanoes are considered to be the most dangerous, as they have very explosive eruptions, so there's lot of toxins and pyrocalstic material all over the area when they erupt.
Q5. solid core, liquid core, mantle, crust
The Earth is not uniform in its composition, but instead it has several layers. The layers are in order from the center toward the surface in accordance of their composition. In general, we can say that the heaviest elements have sunk toward the center, while the lighter ones have been pushed toward the surface. The deepest layer, thus in the center, is the solid core, made out of metals. Second comes the liquid core, made out of molten metals. Third is the mantle layer, being composed of molten minerals, rocks, as well as having lot of gasses. On the top is the crust, being the thinnest, coolest layer, made out of the lightest elements.
Q6. endogenic (generated from inside) processes
The uplift of mountains happens as a result of the tectonic processes. As the tectonic plates move, some of them move toward each other, creating either a boundary where they collide, or a subduction zone. Both of these types of boundaries cause lot of pressure on the crust, and they push it upward. As the crust is gradually pushed upward, the area starts to gain on elevation, forming mountain ranges over the course of millions of years.
