Answer:
prolongs the anesthetic effect of the drug
Explanation:
The epinephrine acts as a vasoconstrictor agent to some local anesthetic drugs. The systemic absorption slows down with the addition of 5 micrograms per mL of epinephrine. The epinephrine enhances the anesthetic effect of the drugs. It act as a adjuvant in local anesthetic drugs. The adjuvant increases the effect of immune response. The epinephrine also act as drug for anaphylactic reaction during emergency. The dopamine receptors are present in CNS. The epinephrine is not involved in lowering blood pressure and low heart beat. The epinephrine stimulates secretion of prostaglandins.
Thus, option B is correct. So, the addition of epinephrine to some local anesthetic drugs <u>prolongs the anesthetic effect of the drug.</u>
Explanation:
During photosynthesis:
- Light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center.
- A water molecule is split.
- Electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I.
- ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
If PSI is impaired, the concentrations of ATP and NADPH would fall, as the ETC is interrupted. Thus no energy is available to pump H+ into the stroma, and ATP synthase activity is hindered; additionally, NADPH is not produced in the ETC and thus, the Calvin cycle where sugars are produced, cannot function.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
During the light reaction:
- Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule.
- Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
- the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
- ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
- The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
- in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
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Answer:
Tropical Rainforest Destruction: Reasons and Consequences
Temperate Rainforests exist in more temperate regions, between the tropics and the poles, including North America. The destruction of these forests is contributing to Global Warming and is a factor in the atmosphere's high carbon dioxide levels.
Explanation:
Answer:
True
Explanation:
RNA interference is one of the cell's mechanism to regulate gene expression. Two classes of RNA, micro RNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are responsible for post transcriptional gene regulation. RNA interference can also help to fight against viral infection. They prevent the transcription of viral gene and in some cases also lead to its degradation by initiating attack from various protein complexes called as ribonucleases.