Only animals in the same <u>species</u> can always breed and have fertile offspring.
Although animals in the same genus<em> can </em>breed, their offspring are usually infertile.
Answer:
For both actin and microtubule polymerization, nucleotide hydrolysis is important for decreasing the binding strength between subunits on filaments.
Explanation:
Cytoskeletal filaments are common to eucaryotic cells and are impotartant to the spatial organization of cells. Intermediate filaments provide mechanical strength and resistance to shear stress. Microtubules determine the positions of membrane-enclosed organelles and direct intracellular transport. Actin filaments determine the shape of the cell's surface and are necessary for whole-cell locomotion. A large number of accessory proteins are present that link the filaments to other cell components, as well as to each other. Accessory proteins are essential for the assembly of the cytoskeletal filaments in particular locations, and it includes the motor proteins that either move organelles along the filaments or move the filaments themselves.
Actin filaments and microtubules are assembled with expenditure of energy i.e the ATP/GTP tightly bound to actin/tubulin is irreversibly hydrolyzed to ADP/GTP during the assembly process, and liberation of Pi in the medium occurs subsequent to the incorporation of subunits in the polymer. Pi release acts as a switch, causing the destabilization of protein-protein interactions in the polymer, therefore regulating the dynamics of these fibres. The progress is made in four areas: the chemistry of the NTPase reaction; the structure of the intermediates in nucleotide hydrolysis and the nature of the conformational switch; the regulation of parameters involved in dynamic instability of microtubules; and the possible involvement of nucleotide hydrolysis in the macroscopic organization of these polymers in highly concentrated solutions, compared with the simple case of a equilibrium polymers.
The plant species that live in the colder environment have some adaptations that makes them survive in that conditions
These plants have a well developed vascular system due to which they have the ability to trap every inch of sunlight available for the process of photosynthesis.
Some of the plants shed their leaves and stay in dormant conditions.
Evergreen trees have thick waxy coating that prevents the loss of water.
The plants that grow in arctic regions are small and they grow close to the ground in a specific shape that helps them to shed snow from them.
I already answered this. question 1 is false and question 2 is A
Answer:
The types of volcanoes that I am aware of are dormant, active, and extinct. Active volcanoes are volcanoes that have erupted in the past 10,000 years. Dormant volcanoes are active volcanoes that are supposed to erupt in the future. Extinct volcanoes are volcanoes that have not had an eruption in the last 10,000 years and is not expected to erupt.
