The mammalian diving reflex refers to an adaptive characteristic that permits the mammals to stay underwater for an elongated duration of time. It is more noticeable in aquatic mammals, however, is weaker in mammals like humans.
This reflex is initiated when the face encounters with cold water. The initial influence is bradycardia in which the rate of the heart slows down up to 25 percent. There is peripheral vasoconstriction that comprises a reduction in the supply of blood to the arms and legs, and the supply upsurges towards the brain.
It can be stated that in humans, it is not an evolutionary vestige, but yes it is not much amended as aquatic mammals due to their terrestrial habitat.
<span>Measurements of the height of various plants in an experiment are called (Data).</span>
calcium is not one of the four atoms that make up the bulk of living organisms.
The correct option is C.
<h3>What is living organisms?</h3>
The cells that make up a living thing. Because more cells are produced, the body of the organisms grows as a result of cell division. A live thing that displays the growth process is a tree. Water, pens, and roads are inanimate objects that do not exhibit the growth process.
<h3>What is calcium?</h3>
Although it also plays a critical role in blood clotting, assisting in muscular contraction, controlling regular heart rhythms, and maintaining normal neural activities, calcium is a mineral that is most frequently linked to strong bones and teeth.
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Photosynthesis and metabolism are among the most complex areas in biology so given the nature of this forum I've kept the answers simple and brief.
Carbon is of central importance to all biological systems due to its special bonding properties allowing it to form various bonds with other atoms and produce a wonderfully complex range of molecules used by life.
In photosynthesis inorganic carbon in carbon dioxide gas is fixed to hydrogen to produce sugar, an organic molecule. In this case the carbon gains electrons so it is 'reduced' and this process requires energy in the form of light. Once in sugar form, the process can be reversed and the carbon can be oxidised back into carbon dioxide during cellular respiration, releasing energy.
So in photosynthesis, the carbon from carbon dioxide is reduced to form a sugar molecule. When transitioning to respiration, the carbon in the sugar is oxidised to form carbon dioxide again in the reverse reaction to photosynthesis.
The carbon is transferred between molecules through various intermediate steps during these processes, involving enzymes (biological catalysts) to assist in cleaving specific bonds at each stage. During cellular respiration (an energy release reaction) as the carbon is successively oxidised electrons are liberated that are used as part of the energy release. These electrons are captured or 'carried' by special organic molecules called NAD and FAD (reducing them) which in turn can then be oxidised to produce the universal energy currency of life: ATP molecules. ATP is a small bio molecule containing a high energy phosphorous bond that can be broken to release energy to do cellular work. It is used by all life that we know of and is the ultimate product of cellular respiration.
