Soon after the death of the prophet Muhammad, there were military expeditions, called "futuhat," or literally "openings," into what is now Egypt and other parts of North Africa.
<em><u>D. Using a powerful military to conquer new territories.</u></em>
After Muhammad died in 632 CE, his friend Abu Bakr was named caliph and ruler of the Islamic community. After Muhammad's death and the rebellion of several tribes, Abu Bakr initiated several military campaigns to bring Arabia under Islam and into the caliphate.
